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Sunday, May 5, 2013

Comparison between Hyatt Capital Gate and Leaning Tower of Pisa in (Angle of Leaning)



Address : Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirate(Left side picture)   Photo source: http://thebesttraveldestinations.com
Hyatt Capital Gate, Abu Dhabi is a luxurious 5-star hotel conveniently located only 4.1km (2.5mi) from the centre of Abu Dhabi. Local tourist attractions such as Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre, Sheikh Zayed Stadium and Abu Dhabi Ice Rink are not far from the hotel. Also easily within reach are Khalifa Park, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and Abu Dhabi Golf Course.

Capital Gate leans an incredible 18 degrees (14 degrees more than the famous leaning tower of Pisa). It is being developed by Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Company (ADNEC) and has been designed by Edinburgh-based architects RMJM. The tower forms the focal point of the Capital Centre development, an AED8 billion business and residential micro city being constructed around the thriving Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre.
  • Some key features stand out among others:
    It’s gravity-defying 18 degree lean, widely believed to be the most inclined in the world
    The continuous twist of its form which ensures that the tower looks different from every angle
    The unique nature of the floor plate, each floor is unique
    The foundation contains an incredibly dense mesh of reinforced steel that sits above 490 piles, drilled 30 meters underground to accommodate gravitational, wind and seismic pressures.
    The core of the building is a pre-cambered, ‘slanting’ core that pulls in the opposite direction to the lean. It straightens as the building grows, pulled into a vertical position by the change in the centre of gravity of the building as concrete was poured onto subsequent floors.
  • The building was certified in 2010 by Guinness World Records as the World's Furthest Leaning Man made Tower.
  • The tower is engineered to lean at an 18-degree angle.

  • google.com
  • Leaning Tower of Pisa 
    (picture on the right)

    Tower of Pisa is more accurately referred to simply as the bell tower, or campanile.
    The Pisa tower is one of the four buildings that make up the cathedral complex in Pisa, Italy, called Campo dei Miracoli or Piazza dei Miracoli, which means Field of Miracles.
     Name
    Tower of Pisa,
    Leaning Tower of Pisa,

    Bell Tower of Pisa
      Italian Name
    Torre Pendente di Pisa
      Location
     City of Pisa, Italy.
     Accomodation
     Find Hotels in Pisa
    Construction
    started in 1173finished in 1399
    Original Height
     60 m
    Actual Height 
    56.67m - highest side55,86m - lowest side
     Stairs
    297 steps
     Weight
    14,500 tonnes

    What is the cause of the leaning of the tower
    The cause of the lean is the reaction of the composite of clay, fine sand, and shells that the tower is built on. This soil mix is more compressible on the south side, but over the years as the tilt increased, the Tower of Pisa stopped sinking and began to rotate, causing the north side moving up toward the surface. Tests during the 20th century have conclusively proven that the inclination began after the construction. The study of the , subsoil has revealed an inter-layered clayish material washed by subterranean waters.

    Tower of Pisa: Lesson Learned

    Footings are the most principal and important part of any building. It may guarantee your success or a total failure of the project. We have to learn from experiences and the Leaning Tower of Pisa, is one of the most beneficial experiences that we can have in the construction industry. Although, the problem of tilting is solved, you don’t want to have that kind of problem in your project. Here are some tips to get you started when dealing with soft soils.
    1- When Building over soft soils you may have to excavate down past the soft spot and place a deeper footing.
    2- Replace the soft soil with adequate soil that will produce the bearing capacity specified in the design.
    3- Build a bigger footing and reinforced it with additional steel (in concrete footings).
    4- Use friction piling or end load bearing piling if the soil type below is suitable.
    5- It is a common practice to flood the ground once the trenches have been dug and then to compact thoroughly. This improves cohesion and makes the soil considerably more stable to build on.
    6- Injecting soil/cement slurry. This type of process requires four key pieces of equipment: a drill rig to advance the slurry to design depth, a batch plant or tank to mix the cement slurry, apump to push the slurry to the drill rig, and specialized tooling to blend the cement slurry with soil in situ.
    7- Using Geogrids will provide an effective mean for reducing pressure below traffic surface.
    There are different combinations and techniques for each particular project. It will all depend on the type of materials being used, the type of structure, and the specific soil conditions in each case. Furthermore, have in mind all the required regulations and codes that must be met in every condition.